# Start-to-end modelling of laser-plasma acceleration, beam transport and dose deposition of very high-energy electrons for radiotherapy

## TL;DR

This study demonstrates that laser-plasma accelerators can generate high-energy electron beams suitable for precise and uniform radiotherapy dose delivery, showing promise for future clinical applications.

## Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive simulation framework combining particle-in-cell and GEANT4 to evaluate laser-plasma generated electron beams for radiotherapy.

## Key findings

- Laser-plasma accelerators produce polychromatic VHEE beams suitable for radiotherapy.
- Collimated beams can deliver uniform dose distributions with enhanced precision.
- The approach is feasible for complex phantom geometries, indicating clinical potential.

## Abstract

Radiotherapy using very high-energy electron (VHEE) beams generated by a laser-plasma accelerator has garnered significant interest due to its dose distribution capabilities and potential to address limitations of traditional photon-based radiotherapy. To explore the feasibility of such approach, the presented study uses the parameters of OONA, the commercial <1.3\,J, <25\,fs pulse duration laser recently installed at the Weizmann Institute of Science. Through particle-in-cell simulations of laser-plasma interaction, realistic electron beams were obtained. After filtering and collimation with a beamline and arranging them into an array of pencil beams, their radiotherapeutic potential was investigated. GEANT4 simulations were used to calculate the dose deposition in water phantoms and heterogeneous phantoms with bone inserts, considering realistic beam parameters for laser-plasma accelerators. Multifield irradiation setup and the dose distribution at the isocenter through different incidence angles were studied, simulating an intensity-modulated delivery. Our findings demonstrate that polychromatic VHEE beams generated from laser-plasma accelerators, when collimated using a compact beamline of quadrupoles and dipoles, can deliver an on-axis dose with enhanced precision and uniformity. This study highlights the transformative potential of laser-plasma accelerators in advancing radiotherapy modalities, paving the way for further research and clinical implementation.