# Digital Scale: Open-Source On-Device BMI Estimation from Smartphone Camera Images Trained on a Large-Scale Real-World Dataset

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a deep learning method for estimating BMI from smartphone images, trained on a large-scale dataset, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy and robust generalization, with deployment on Android devices.

## Contribution

We present a large-scale proprietary dataset, an automatic image filtering process, and a mobile-deployable BMI estimation model with superior accuracy.

## Key findings

- Lowest published MAPE of 7.9% on our dataset
- Achieved 13% MAPE on unseen dataset, demonstrating robustness
- Deployed the pipeline on Android devices using open-source tools

## Abstract

Estimating Body Mass Index (BMI) from camera images with machine learning models enables rapid weight assessment when traditional methods are unavailable or impractical, such as in telehealth or emergency scenarios. Existing computer vision approaches have been limited to datasets of up to 14,500 images. In this study, we present a deep learning-based BMI estimation method trained on our WayBED dataset, a large proprietary collection of 84,963 smartphone images from 25,353 individuals. We introduce an automatic filtering method that uses posture clustering and person detection to curate the dataset by removing low-quality images, such as those with atypical postures or incomplete views. This process retained 71,322 high-quality images suitable for training. We achieve a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 7.9% on our hold-out test set (WayBED data) using full-body images, the lowest value in the published literature to the best of our knowledge. Further, we achieve a MAPE of 13% on the completely unseen~(during training) VisualBodyToBMI dataset, comparable with state-of-the-art approaches trained on it, demonstrating robust generalization. Lastly, we fine-tune our model on VisualBodyToBMI and achieve a MAPE of 8.56%, the lowest reported value on this dataset so far. We deploy the full pipeline, including image filtering and BMI estimation, on Android devices using the CLAID framework. We release our complete code for model training, filtering, and the CLAID package for mobile deployment as open-source contributions.