# Interfacing Rydberg atoms with a chip-based superconducting microwave resonator using an ac Stark shifted single-photon transition

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates coupling between helium Rydberg atoms and a superconducting microwave resonator via ac Stark tuning, advancing toward strong single-photon interactions for quantum information applications.

## Contribution

It introduces a method to resonantly couple Rydberg atoms to a superconducting resonator using ac Stark shifts, with experimental and theoretical analysis of the coupling mechanism.

## Key findings

- Achieved atom-resonator coupling with a Rabi frequency of ~2π×100 Hz.
- Successfully tuned the atomic transition into resonance using ac Stark shifts.
- Provided insights into the effects of residual electric fields near the superconducting chip.

## Abstract

Helium atoms in the 1s50s $^3$S$_1$ Rydberg level have been resonantly coupled to the $2\pi\times11.721$ GHz second harmonic mode of a chip-based superconducting coplanar waveguide microwave resonator. To achieve this, the single-photon electric-dipole-allowed 1s50s $^3$S$_1\rightarrow$ 1s50p $^3$P$_J$ transition was tuned into resonance with the resonator mode through the ac Stark shift induced by a second strong $2\pi\times3.350$ GHz microwave dressing field. The effects of this dressing field, and residual uncanceled dc electric fields at the location of the atoms close to the superconducting chip surface were interpreted with support from Floquet calculations of the energy level structure of the Rydberg states. To observe appreciable population transfer in the $1~\mu$s atom-resonator interaction time using this transition, which had an electric dipole moment of $1500 e a_0$, pulsed microwave fields were injected into the resonator. From the photon occupation number in the resonator mode under these conditions, the single-photon Rabi frequency associated with the coupling of the atoms to the resonator was estimated to be $\sim2\pi\times100$ Hz. These results represent an important step toward operation of this Rydberg-atom-superconducting-circuit interface in the single-photon strong coupling regime.