# The impact of pre-main sequence stellar luminosity on giant planet formation

## TL;DR

This study investigates how the evolving luminosity of pre-main sequence stars influences giant planet formation, highlighting the importance of stellar luminosity evolution in modeling planetary system development.

## Contribution

It introduces a pebble-driven core accretion model that accounts for stellar luminosity evolution, revealing its significant impact on giant planet formation around stars of 1-2.4 solar masses.

## Key findings

- Giant planet formation is sensitive to stellar luminosity evolution.
- High stellar luminosity can hinder giant planet formation by increasing gas and pebble scale heights.
- Incorporating stellar luminosity evolution is crucial for accurate planet formation models.

## Abstract

Luminosities of pre-main sequence stars evolve during the protoplanetary disc lifetime. This has a significant impact on the heating of their surrounding protoplanetary disks, the natal environments of planets. Moreover, stars of different masses evolve differently. However, this is rarely accounted for in planet formation models. We carry out pebble-driven core accretion planet formation modelling with focus on the impact of pre-main sequence stellar luminosity evolution on giant planet formation around host stars in the range of $1{-}2.4\ \rm M_{\odot}$. We find that giant planet formation is sensitive to the evolution of stellar luminosity, specifically the locations and times at which giant planet formation can occur depend on it. High stellar luminosity causes an increase in the scale height of the gas and pebbles, which may decrease the efficiency of pebble accretion, making it more challenging to form giant planets. This has important consequences for the composition of these giant planets, stressing the need to incorporate such aspects into planet formation models.