# LEMONS: An open-source platform to generate non-circuLar, anthropometry-based pEdestrian shapes and simulate their Mechanical interactiONS in two dimensions

**Authors:** Oscar Dufour (ILM, CNRS), Maxime Stapelle (ILM, CNRS), Alexandre Nicolas (ILM, CNRS)

arXiv: 2508.19865 · 2026-02-18

## TL;DR

LEMONS is an open-source platform that generates realistic, anthropometry-based pedestrian shapes and simulates their mechanical interactions in 2D, improving crowd modeling beyond simple circular approximations.

## Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive, open-source tool combining Python and C++ libraries with a user-friendly interface for realistic pedestrian crowd simulation based on anthropometric data.

## Key findings

- Enables realistic 2D and 3D crowd modeling
- Provides accurate simulation of mechanical contacts
- Supports custom agent decision-making

## Abstract

To model dense crowds, the usual recourse to oversimplified (circular) pedestrian shapes and contact forces shows limitations. To help modellers overcome these limitations, we propose an open-source numerical tool. It consists of a Python library that generates 2D and 3D pedestrian crowds based on anthropometric data, and a C++ library that computes mechanical contacts with other agents and with obstacles, and evolves the crowd's configuration. Additionally, we provide an online platform with a user-friendly graphical interface for the Python library, and scripts to call the C++ library from Python. The tool enables users to implement their own decisional layer, i.e., to control the agents' choices of desired velocities.

## Figures

11 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/2508.19865/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/2508.19865