# 4D-Printing Assisted Scaffolds to Form Cardiac Bricks

## TL;DR

This paper introduces 4D-printed foldable scaffolds that enable the creation of modular cardiac bricks, potentially improving the manufacturing and functionality of engineered human myocardium for heart repair.

## Contribution

It presents a novel 4D-DLP printing method for creating foldable scaffolds that self-assemble into thicker, aligned cardiac tissue constructs, advancing regenerative heart therapies.

## Key findings

- Successful fabrication of foldable scaffolds for cardiac tissue
- Enhanced self-assembly into thicker, aligned myocardium
- Potential for improved biomanufacturing and biobanking of cardiac patches

## Abstract

Myocardial infarction causes myocardium thinning, fibrosis, and progressive heart failure. Engineered human myocardium (EHM) is tested clinically as a first-in-class product for sustainable remuscularization in patients with advanced heart failure. Current EHM production procedure from iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and stromal cells, is time consuming and involves thin constructs. Here, I introduce 4D-DLP-printed foldable scaffolds with potential to create modular cylindrical cardiac bricks. This enables self-assembly into thicker and aligned sarcomeres with synchronous contractility mimicking a native myocardium. When optimized and integrated with cryopreservation protocols, the biomanufacturing and biobanking of these cellular building blocks may overcome current EHM limitations and advance translational regenerative therapies for myocardial infarction. The structure-material properties investigations into these new class of life building blocks paves the way for future medical breakthroughs.

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/2508.19854