Aleks: AI powered Multi Agent System for Autonomous Scientific Discovery via Data-Driven Approaches in Plant Science

TL;DR

Aleks is an AI multi-agent system that autonomously conducts data-driven scientific discovery in plant science, integrating domain knowledge and machine learning to identify meaningful features and develop interpretable models without human intervention.

Contribution

This work introduces Aleks, a novel AI-powered multi-agent framework that autonomously performs scientific discovery in plant science using data analysis, domain knowledge, and iterative modeling.

Findings

Successfully identified biologically meaningful features in grapevine disease data

Converged on interpretable models with robust performance

Ablation studies confirmed the importance of domain knowledge and memory

Abstract

Modern plant science increasingly relies on large, heterogeneous datasets, but challenges in experimental design, data preprocessing, and reproducibility hinder research throughput. Here we introduce Aleks, an AI-powered multi-agent system that integrates domain knowledge, data analysis, and machine learning within a structured framework to autonomously conduct data-driven scientific discovery. Once provided with a research question and dataset, Aleks iteratively formulated problems, explored alternative modeling strategies, and refined solutions across multiple cycles without human intervention. In a case study on grapevine red blotch disease, Aleks progressively identified biologically meaningful features and converged on interpretable models with robust performance. Ablation studies underscored the importance of domain knowledge and memory for coherent outcomes. This exploratory work highlights the promise of agentic AI as an autonomous collaborator for accelerating scientific discovery in plant sciences.