Efficient and scalable inter-module switching for distributed quantum computing architectures

TL;DR

This paper introduces efficient, scalable optical switching schemes for modular quantum computing architectures, enabling high connectivity between modules with reduced noise and cost, crucial for future large-scale quantum computers.

Contribution

The authors develop novel decentralized GMZI-based switching schemes that are more economical and less noisy than existing solutions, enhancing inter-module connectivity in quantum architectures.

Findings

New GMZI-based switching schemes demonstrated to be more cost-effective.

Schemes achieve high connectivity with reduced noise levels.

Potential to improve scalability of distributed quantum computers.

Abstract

Large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers of the future will likely be modular by necessity or by design. Modularity is inevitable if the substrate cannot support the desired error-correction code due to its planar geometry or manufacturing constraints resulting in a limited number of logical qubits per module. Even if the computer is compact enough there may be functional requirements to distribute the quantum computation substrate over distant regions of varying scales. In both cases, matter-based quantum information, such as spins, ions or neutral atoms, is the most conveniently transmitted or mediated by photonic interconnects. To avoid long algorithm execution times and reduce errors, each module of a universal quantum computer should be dynamically interconnected with as many other modules as possible. This task relies on an optical switching network providing any-to-any or sufficiently high simultaneous connectivity. In this work we construct several novel and decentralized switching schemes based on the properties of the Generalized Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (GMZI) that are more economic and less noisy compared to commonly considered alternatives while achieving the same functionality.