GReAT: leveraging geometric artery data to improve wall shear stress assessment

TL;DR

This paper introduces GReAT, a geometric artery data-based foundation model that improves wall shear stress assessment from medical images using self-supervised learning on large datasets, enhancing performance with limited clinical data.

Contribution

It presents a novel self-supervised pre-training approach using geometric shape signatures to improve hemodynamic biomarker prediction in coronary arteries.

Findings

Geometric representations boost segmentation accuracy.

Self-supervised learning reduces data requirements.

Improved wall shear stress assessment performance.

Abstract

Leveraging big data for patient care is promising in many medical fields such as cardiovascular health. For example, hemodynamic biomarkers like wall shear stress could be assessed from patient-specific medical images via machine learning algorithms, bypassing the need for time-intensive computational fluid simulation. However, it is extremely challenging to amass large-enough datasets to effectively train such models. We could address this data scarcity by means of self-supervised pre-training and foundations models given large datasets of geometric artery models. In the context of coronary arteries, leveraging learned representations to improve hemodynamic biomarker assessment has not yet been well studied. In this work, we address this gap by investigating whether a large dataset (8449 shapes) consisting of geometric models of 3D blood vessels can benefit wall shear stress assessment in coronary artery models from a small-scale clinical trial (49 patients). We create a self-supervised target for the 3D blood vessels by computing the heat kernel signature, a quantity obtained via Laplacian eigenvectors, which captures the very essence of the shapes. We show how geometric representations learned from this datasets can boost segmentation of coronary arteries into regions of low, mid and high (time-averaged) wall shear stress even when trained on limited data.