Spatiotemporal Nonlinear Pulse Dynamics in Multimode Silicon Nitride Waveguides

TL;DR

This paper introduces an open-source simulation framework for analyzing spatiotemporal nonlinear pulse propagation in multimode silicon nitride waveguides, revealing how mode control influences supercontinuum and frequency comb generation.

Contribution

It provides a novel simulation tool and demonstrates how mode engineering can tailor ultrafast nonlinear dynamics in integrated photonics.

Findings

Mode selection critically affects nonlinear coupling and soliton fission.

Broadband spectra exceeding 3 μm are achievable.

Input mode engineering enables control over supercontinuum generation.

Abstract

We present an open-source multimode nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation-based simulation to investigate spatiotemporal nonlinear pulse propagation in thin-film silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides. Using this framework, we analyze femtosecond pulse evolution under diverse excitation conditions in a 6 {\mu}m wide SiN waveguide supporting six TE modes. Our results reveal that mode selection and power distribution critically govern nonlinear coupling, soliton fission, and dispersive wave generation, leading to broadband spectra exceeding 3 {\mu}m. Our findings reveal that input mode engineering is a powerful strategy for tailoring ultrafast nonlinear dynamics in integrated photonic platforms, with applications in supercontinuum generation, frequency combs, and programmable nonlinear optics.