Controlling the $\mathcal{PT}$ Symmetry Breaking Threshold in Bipartite Lattice Systems with Floquet Topological Edge States

TL;DR

This paper explores how Floquet topological edge states influence the $ ext{PT}$ symmetry-breaking threshold in a driven lattice, revealing frequency-dependent behaviors, system size effects, and methods to enhance the threshold.

Contribution

It uncovers the role of Floquet topological edge states in $ ext{PT}$ symmetry breaking across different regimes and introduces strategies to control the threshold in lattice systems.

Findings

In high-frequency regimes, the participation of edge states depends on defect placement.

In low-frequency regimes, the participation is universal, leading to a zero threshold.

Applying co-frequency periodic driving can significantly increase the $ ext{PT}$ symmetry-breaking threshold.

Abstract

We investigate the control of the parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$)-symmetry breaking threshold in a periodically driven one-dimensional dimerized lattice with spatially symmetric gain and loss defects. We elucidate the contrasting roles played by Floquet topological edge states in determining the $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking threshold within the high- and low-frequency driving regimes. In the high-frequency regime, the participation of topological edge states in $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking is contingent upon the position of the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric defect pairs, whereas in the low-frequency regime, their participation is unconditional and independent of the defect pairs placement, resulting in a universal zero threshold. We establish a direct link between the symmetry-breaking threshold and how the spatial profile of the Floquet topological edge states evolves over one driving period. We further demonstrate that lattices with an odd number of sites exhibit unique threshold patterns, in contrast to even-sized systems. Moreover, applying co-frequency periodic driving to the defect pairs, which preserves time-reversal symmetry, can significantly enhance the $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry-breaking threshold.