SkyTrust: Blockchain-Enhanced UAV Security for NTNs with Dynamic Trust and Energy-Aware Consensus
Afan Ali, Irfanullah Khan

TL;DR
This paper introduces SkyTrust, a blockchain-based framework with dynamic trust and energy-aware consensus to improve security and resource efficiency in UAV-based Non-Terrestrial Networks, supporting privacy and resilience.
Contribution
It proposes a novel DTSAM-EAC framework combining blockchain and federated learning for adaptive trust management and energy-efficient consensus in UAV NTNs.
Findings
Achieves 94% trust score prediction accuracy
Detects rogue UAVs with 96% rate
Outperforms static trust baselines in privacy and energy efficiency
Abstract
Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as base stations are extremely susceptible to security attacks due to their distributed and dynamic nature, which makes them vulnerable to rogue nodes. In this paper, a new Dynamic Trust Score Adjustment Mechanism with Energy-Aware Consensus (DTSAM-EAC) is proposed to enhance security in UAV-based NTNs. The proposed framework integrates a permissioned Hyperledger Fabric blockchain with Federated Learning (FL) to support privacy-preserving trust evaluation. Trust ratings are updated continuously through weighted aggregation of past trust, present behavior, and energy contribution, thus making the system adaptive to changing network conditions. An energy-aware consensus mechanism prioritizes UAVs with greater available energy for block validation, ensuring efficient use of resources under resource-constrained…
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