Interplay of Intersite Charge Transfer, Antiferromagnetism, and Strain in Barocaloric ACu$_3$Fe$_4$O$_{12}$ Quadruple Perovskites

TL;DR

This study develops a Landau theory to understand the complex interplay of charge transfer, magnetism, and strain in ACu$_3$Fe$_4$O$_{12}$ perovskites, explaining thermodynamic behaviors and barocaloric effects.

Contribution

It introduces a minimal theoretical framework that captures key phase transitions and thermodynamic properties, highlighting the importance of thermal expansion in barocaloric responses.

Findings

Qualitative reproduction of thermodynamic properties

Prediction of elastic softening near phase boundary

Revealing the role of thermal expansion in entropy changes

Abstract

We develop a minimal Landau theory for the concomitant intersite charge-transfer, antiferromagnetic, and isostructural phase transitions in ACu$_3$Fe$_4$O$_{12}$ perovskites (A = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb). The model incorporates the difference in average ligand-hole occupancy between Cu and Fe, the staggered magnetization of the Fe sublattice, volume strain, and intrinsic thermal expansion, together with their couplings. It qualitatively reproduces key thermodynamic properties of the ACu$_3$Fe$_4$O$_{12}$ family, including the staggered magnetization, lattice volume, magnetic susceptibility, and the nearly linear temperature-pressure phase boundary. The framework predicts a pronounced elastic softening near the phase boundary, consistent with experiments where the bulk modulus of the low-pressure, charge-transferred antiferromagnetic phase exceeds that of the high-pressure, non-transferred paramagnetic phase. It also yields pressure-driven isothermal entropy changes, revealing that the intrinsic thermal expansion of the high- and low-temperature phases significantly shapes the overall barocaloric response. These results contrast with previous analyses of NdCu$_3$Fe$_4$O$_{12}$, where thermal expansion was neglected in the entropy construction, and call for a reevaluation of barocaloric effects in quadruple perovskites.