The cut-off resolvent can grow arbitrarily fast in obstacle scattering

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that in obstacle scattering, the growth of the cut-off resolvent can be arbitrarily fast if the obstacle boundary lacks smoothness, contrasting with the smooth case where growth is at most exponential.

Contribution

It constructs obstacles with non-smooth boundaries where the resolvent norm grows faster than any prescribed sequence, showing unbounded growth is possible without smoothness assumptions.

Findings

Resolvent norm growth can be arbitrarily fast for non-smooth obstacles.

Smooth boundaries restrict growth to at most exponential.

Constructed examples show no universal growth bound without smoothness.

Abstract

We consider time-harmonic acoustic scattering by a compact sound-soft obstacle $\Gamma\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ ($n\geq 2$) that has connected complement $\Omega := \mathbb{R}^n\setminus \Gamma$. This scattering problem is modelled by the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation $\Delta u + k^2 u = -f$ in $\Omega$, the boundary condition that $u=0$ on $\partial \Omega = \partial \Gamma$, and the standard Sommerfeld radiation condition. It is well-known that, if the boundary $\partial \Omega$ is smooth, then the norm of the cut-off resolvent of the Laplacian, that maps the compactly supported inhomogeneous term $f$ to the solution $u$ restricted to some ball, grows at worst exponentially with $k$. In this paper we show that, if no smoothness of $\Gamma$ is imposed, then the growth can be arbitrarily fast. Precisely, given some modestly increasing unbounded sequence $0<k_1<k_2<\ldots$ and some arbitrarily rapidly increasing sequence $0<a_1<a_2<\ldots$, we construct a compact $\Gamma$ such that, for each $j\in \mathbb{N}$, the norm of the cut-off resolvent at $k=k_j$ is greater than $a_j$.