UM3: Unsupervised Map to Map Matching

TL;DR

This paper introduces an unsupervised, graph-based framework for map-to-map matching that leverages pseudo coordinates and adaptive similarity measures, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy in large-scale, noisy scenarios.

Contribution

It presents a novel unsupervised approach with pseudo coordinates and a geometric-consistent loss, enabling scalable and robust map matching without labeled data.

Findings

Achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on real-world datasets.

Performs well in high-noise and large-scale scenarios.

Outperforms existing methods significantly.

Abstract

Map-to-map matching is a critical task for aligning spatial data across heterogeneous sources, yet it remains challenging due to the lack of ground truth correspondences, sparse node features, and scalability demands. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised graph-based framework that addresses these challenges through three key innovations. First, our method is an unsupervised learning approach that requires no training data, which is crucial for large-scale map data where obtaining labeled training samples is challenging. Second, we introduce pseudo coordinates that capture the relative spatial layout of nodes within each map, which enhances feature discriminability and enables scale-invariant learning. Third, we design an mechanism to adaptively balance feature and geometric similarity, as well as a geometric-consistent loss function, ensuring robustness to noisy or incomplete coordinate data. At the implementation level, to handle large-scale maps, we develop a tile-based post-processing pipeline with overlapping regions and majority voting, which enables parallel processing while preserving boundary coherence. Experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in matching tasks, surpassing existing methods by a large margin, particularly in high-noise and large-scale scenarios. Our framework provides a scalable and practical solution for map alignment, offering a robust and efficient alternative to traditional approaches.