nodeWSNsec: A hybrid metaheuristic approach for reliable security and node deployment in WSNs

TL;DR

This paper introduces a hybrid metaheuristic combining GA and PSO for efficient, reliable node deployment in WSNs, significantly reducing sensor count while maintaining coverage and connectivity.

Contribution

It presents a novel hybrid GA-PSO approach that outperforms standalone algorithms and CMOMPA in WSN deployment, balancing exploration and convergence.

Findings

Requires 15-25% fewer sensor nodes

Maintains 95% or more area coverage

Outperforms CMOMPA in coverage and deployment time

Abstract

Efficient and reliable node deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks is crucial for optimizing coverage of the area, connectivity among nodes, and energy efficiency. This paper proposes a hybrid meta heuristic approach combining a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to address the challenges of energy efficient and reliable node deployment. The GA PSO hybrid leverages GAs strong exploration capabilities and PSOs rapid convergence, achieving an optimum stability between coverage and energy consumption. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated against GA and PSO alone and the innovatory meta heuristic based Competitive Multi Objective Marine Predators Algorithm (CMOMPA) across varying sensing ranges. Simulation results demonstrate that GA PSO requires 15% to 25% fewer sensor nodes and maintains 95% or more area coverage while maintaining the connectivity in comparison to standalone GA or PSO algorithm. The proposed algorithm also dominates CMOMPA when compared for long sensing and communication range in terms of higher coverage, improved connectivity, and reduced deployment time while requiring fewer sensor nodes. This study also explores key trade offs in WSN deployment and highlights future research directions, including heterogeneous node deployment, mobile WSNs, and enhanced multi objective optimization techniques. The findings underscore the effectiveness of hybrid meta heuristics in improving WSN performance, offering a promising approach for real world applications such as environmental monitoring, smart cities, smart agriculture, disaster response, and IIoT.