Universal Entanglement Pattern Formation via a Quantum Quench

TL;DR

This paper uncovers a universal short-time entanglement pattern, the entanglement channel wave, across various many-body quantum systems, regardless of interactions or disorder, providing new insights into entanglement dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces the entanglement channel wave as a universal structure in symmetry-resolved entanglement dynamics and demonstrates its independence from particle statistics, interactions, and disorder.

Findings

ECW is universal across different systems and regimes.

Analytical spectrum determination for free fermions.

Melting of ECW shows symmetry- and statistics-dependent features.

Abstract

We identify a universal short-time structure in symmetry-resolved entanglement dynamics -- the entanglement channel wave (ECW) -- arising from the decomposition of entanglement into conserved-quantum-number sectors that host robust, channel-specific patterns. Focusing on domain-wall melting, we conduct a systematic investigation across three paradigmatic classes of many-body systems: U(1) fermions, U(1) bosons, and SU(2) spinful fermions. For each class, we explore four distinct regimes defined by the presence or absence of interactions and disorder, employing both the Krylov-subspace iterative method and the correlation matrix approach. The ECW emerges universally across all cases, establishing its independence from particle statistics, interaction strength and disorder. In free fermions, the ECW formalism further enables analytical determination of the correlation matrix spectrum. The subsequent melting of the ECW exhibits symmetry- and statistics-dependent signatures, revealing finer structures in the growth of symmetry-resolved entanglement.