Tri-Hybrid Beamforming for Radiation-Center Reconfigurable Antenna Array: Spectral Efficiency and Energy Efficiency

TL;DR

This paper introduces a tri-hybrid beamforming architecture for radiation-center reconfigurable antenna arrays, optimizing spectral and energy efficiency through novel algorithms with reduced complexity.

Contribution

It proposes a new tri-hybrid beamforming architecture with electromagnetic beamforming based on RC selection and develops efficient optimization schemes for SE and EE maximization.

Findings

RCRAA improves spectral and energy efficiency.

LDTFP reduces computational complexity with minimal performance loss.

Simulation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a tri-hybrid beamforming (THBF) architecture based on the radiation-center (RC) reconfigurable antenna array (RCRAA), including the digital beamforming, analog beamforming, and electromagnetic (EM) beamforming, where the EM beamformer design is modeled as RC selection. Aiming at spectral efficiency (SE) maximization subject to the hardware and power consumption constraints, we propose a tri-loop alternating optimization (TLAO) scheme for the THBF design, where the digital and analog beamformers are optimized based on the penalty dual decomposition in the inner and middle loops, and the RC selection is determined through the coordinate descent method in the outer loop. Aiming at energy-efficiency (EE) maximization, we develop a dual quadratic transform-based fractional programming (DQTFP) scheme, where the TLAO scheme is readily used for the THBF design. To reduce the computational complexity, we propose the Lagrange dual transform-based fractional programming (LDTFP) scheme, where each iteration has a closed-form solution. Simulation results demonstrate the great potential of the RCRAA in improving both SE and EE. Compared to the DQTFP scheme, the LDTFP scheme significantly reduces the computational complexity with only minor performance loss.