Jet-Nemotron: Efficient Language Model with Post Neural Architecture Search

TL;DR

Jet-Nemotron introduces a hybrid-architecture language model optimized via Post Neural Architecture Search, achieving high accuracy and significantly improved generation throughput compared to traditional full-attention models.

Contribution

The paper presents PostNAS, a novel neural architecture exploration pipeline that efficiently designs hybrid-architecture language models starting from pre-trained full-attention models.

Findings

Achieves up to 53.6x generation throughput speedup

Matches or exceeds accuracy of leading full-attention models

Outperforms recent MoE models on MMLU benchmarks

Abstract

We present Jet-Nemotron, a new family of hybrid-architecture language models, which matches or exceeds the accuracy of leading full-attention models while significantly improving generation throughput. Jet-Nemotron is developed using Post Neural Architecture Search (PostNAS), a novel neural architecture exploration pipeline that enables efficient model design. Unlike prior approaches, PostNAS begins with a pre-trained full-attention model and freezes its MLP weights, allowing efficient exploration of attention block designs. The pipeline includes four key components: (1) learning optimal full-attention layer placement and elimination, (2) linear attention block selection, (3) designing new attention blocks, and (4) performing hardware-aware hyperparameter search. Our Jet-Nemotron-2B model achieves comparable or superior accuracy to Qwen3, Qwen2.5, Gemma3, and Llama3.2 across a comprehensive suite of benchmarks while delivering up to 53.6x generation throughput speedup and 6.1x prefilling speedup. It also achieves higher accuracy on MMLU and MMLU-Pro than recent advanced MoE full-attention models, such as DeepSeek-V3-Small and Moonlight, despite their larger scale with 15B total and 2.2B activated parameters.