Exploration of Evolving Quantum Key Distribution Network Architecture Using Model-Based Systems Engineering

TL;DR

This paper presents a model-based systems engineering approach to design and manage evolving quantum key distribution networks, enabling modular, traceable, and adaptable architectures for quantum-secure communications.

Contribution

It introduces a variability-driven framework using Orthogonal Variability Modelling and SysML to systematically develop and evolve quantum communication network architectures.

Findings

Developed traceable artefacts for modular network design

Demonstrated the evolution of quantum key distribution architectures

Supported future integration and scalability of quantum networks

Abstract

Realisation of significant advances in capabilities of sensors, computing, timing, and communication enabled by quantum technologies is dependent on engineering highly complex systems that integrate quantum devices into existing classical infrastructure. A systems engineering approach is considered to address the growing need for quantum-secure telecommunications that overcome the threat to encryption caused by maturing quantum computation. This work explores a range of existing and future quantum communication networks, specifically quantum key distribution network proposals, to model and demonstrate the evolution of quantum key distribution network architectures. Leveraging Orthogonal Variability Modelling and Systems Modelling Language as candidate modelling languages, the study creates traceable artefacts to promote modular architectures that are reusable for future studies. We propose a variability-driven framework for managing fast-evolving network architectures with respect to increasing stakeholder expectations. The result contributes to the systematic development of viable quantum key distribution networks and supports the investigation of similar integration challenges relevant to the broader context of quantum systems engineering.