On the Lagrangian and fermion mass of the unified $SU(2) \otimes SU(4)$ gauge field theory

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel mechanism for fermion mass generation via coupling with gauge fields in an $SU(2) imes SU(4)$ theory, offering an alternative to the Higgs mechanism, and explains how different fermions acquire their masses.

Contribution

It introduces a new theoretical idea for fermion mass generation through gauge field coupling, distinct from the Higgs mechanism, within an $SU(2) imes SU(4)$ framework.

Findings

Neutrinos gain tiny masses via Z-field coupling.

Electrons and quarks acquire mass through Coulomb energy.

Masses are proportional to the self-energy of the Z field.

Abstract

In the Standard Model of elementary particles the fermions are assumed to be intrinsically massless. Here we propose a new theoretical idea of fermion mass generation (other than by the Higgs mechanism) through the coupling with the vector gauge fields of the unified $SU(2) \otimes SU(4)$ gauge symmetry, especially with the $Z$ boson of the weak interaction that affects all elementary fermions. The resulting small masses are suggested to be proportional to the self-energy of the $Z$ field as described by a Yukawa potential. Thereby the electrically neutral neutrino just gets a tiny mass through its $Z$-field coupling. In contrast, the electrically charged electron and quarks can become more massive by the inertia induced through the Coulomb energy of the electrostatic fields surrounding them in their rest frames.