Tropical regions of near mass-shell pentabox

TL;DR

This paper develops a novel geometric approach to evaluate five-leg pentabox amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, overcoming previous computational barriers and providing explicit analytic results.

Contribution

It introduces a method based on Newton polytopes and tropical geometry to analytically evaluate complex five-leg amplitudes near mass-shell.

Findings

Analytic expression for near mass-shell pentabox amplitude in terms of Goncharov polylogarithms.

Breakthrough in computing higher-multiplicity amplitudes beyond four legs.

New geometric technique applicable to complex Feynman integrals.

Abstract

Coulomb branch amplitudes of maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory display infrared properties different from their conformal counterparts. While the four-leg amplitude is known to very high perturbative orders, amplitudes of higher multiplicity fall into an uncharted territory starting already from two loops. The reason for this is that they are not easily amenable to traditional techniques like canonical differential equations due to the uncontrolled swelling of solutions to integration-by-parts identities. In this paper, we break the barrier for the five-leg amplitude using a technique based on the analysis of Newton polytopes corresponding to Feynman/Schwinger integrands and their tropical geometry. Specifically, we analytically evaluate the near mass-shell limit of the off-shell pentabox in terms of Goncharov polylogarithms.