Fabrication of nano-diamonds with a single NV center: Towards matter-wave interferometry with massive objects

TL;DR

This paper discusses the development of nanodiamonds with a single NV center for use in matter-wave interferometry to test fundamental physics principles, including quantum mechanics and gravity, with a focus on fabrication and characterization.

Contribution

It presents a novel fabrication process for nanodiamonds with a single NV center tailored for high-precision matter-wave interferometry experiments.

Findings

Fabricated nanodiamond pillars measuring 40 x 65 x 80 nm.

Characterized the optical and spin properties of the nanodiamonds.

Outlined steps for improving coherence and integration into interferometry setups.

Abstract

Quantum mechanics (QM) and General relativity (GR), also known as the theory of gravity, are the two pillars of modern physics. A matter-wave interferometer with a massive particle can test numerous fundamental ideas, including the spatial superposition principle - a foundational concept in QM - in previously unexplored regimes. It also opens the possibility of probing the interface between QM and GR, such as testing the quantization of gravity. Consequently, there exists an intensive effort to realize such an interferometer. While several approaches are being explored, we focus on utilizing nanodiamonds with embedded spins as test particles which, in combination with Stern-Gerlach forces, enable the realization of a closed-loop matter-wave interferometer in space-time. There is a growing community of groups pursuing this path [1]. We are posting this technical note (as part of a series of seven such notes), to highlight our plans and solutions concerning various challenges in this ambitious endeavor, hoping this will support this growing community. Here we discuss the design considerations for a high-precision enhanced-coherence nanodiamond source, review the fabrication processes used to produce nanodiamond pillars measuring 40 x 65 x 80 nm, summarize the characterization work completed to date, and conclude with an outlook on the remaining steps needed to finalize the source fabrication. We would be happy to make available more details upon request.