$p$-orbital self-organization of ultracold atoms coupled to optical cavities

TL;DR

This paper explores how ultracold bosonic gases coupled to two optical cavities can self-organize into high-orbital phases, revealing symmetry-breaking orbital-density waves and mode-dependent scattering behaviors.

Contribution

It demonstrates the emergence of high-orbital self-organized phases in ultracold atoms coupled to multiple optical cavities, a novel insight into orbital phenomena in quantum gases.

Findings

Atoms can be scattered into $p_x$ and $p_y$ orbitals depending on cavity configurations.

Symmetric cavity setup leads to equal scattering into $p_x$ and $p_y$ orbitals.

Asymmetric cavity configuration suppresses scattering into one mode, inducing symmetry breaking.

Abstract

Atoms coupled to optical cavities provide a novel platform for understanding high-orbital exotic phenomena in strongly correlated materials. In this study, we investigate strongly correlated ultracold bosonic gases that are coupled to two orthogonally arranged optical cavities and driven by a blue-detuned running-wave laser field. Our results demonstrate that atoms initially in the $s$-orbital state can be scattered into $p_x$- and $p_y$-orbital states in either a symmetric or asymmetric manner, depending on the frequencies of the two cavities. For the symmetric configuration, we observe that atoms are scattered into the $p_x$- and $p_y$-orbitals equally. In the asymmetric case, photons emitted into one cavity mode suppress the scattering into the orthogonal mode. Notably, the coupling of atoms with multiple cavity modes leads to the emergence of high-orbital self-organized phases, accompanied by orbital-density waves that break different symmetries.