Distributed Integrated Sensing, Localization, and Communications over LEO Satellite Constellations

TL;DR

This paper proposes a distributed approach for integrated sensing, localization, and communication over LEO satellite constellations, leveraging inter-satellite cooperation to enhance system performance for next-generation wireless applications.

Contribution

It introduces the DISLAC framework that enables joint functionalities through inter-satellite links, addressing limitations of individual satellites and improving overall system capabilities.

Findings

Joint sensing, localization, and communication improve performance metrics.

Inter-satellite cooperation enhances throughput and positioning accuracy.

System-level considerations are crucial for practical deployment.

Abstract

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are rapidly becoming essential enablers of next-generation wireless systems, offering global broadband access, high-precision localization, and reliable sensing beyond terrestrial coverage. However, the inherent limitations of individual LEO satellites, including restricted power, limited antenna aperture, and constrained onboard processing, hinder their ability to meet the growing demands of 6G applications. To address these challenges, this article introduces the concept of distributed integrated sensing, localization, and communication (DISLAC) over LEO constellations, inspired by distributed multiple input multiple output architectures. By enabling inter-satellite cooperation through inter-satellite links, DISLAC jointly exploits communication, localization, and sensing functionalities, achieving synergistic gains in throughput, positioning accuracy, and sensing robustness through shared resources and cooperative design. We present illustrative case studies that quantify these benefits and analyze key system-level considerations, including synchronization, antenna reconfigurability, and inter-satellite link design. The article concludes by outlining open research directions to advance the practical deployment of DISLAC in future non-terrestrial networks.