Suppression of coherent light scattering in a three-dimensional atomic array

TL;DR

This study demonstrates omnidirectional suppression of coherent light scattering in a 3D atomic array, advancing understanding of light-matter interactions and enabling new quantum technology applications.

Contribution

First experimental observation of omnidirectional light scattering suppression in a 3D atomic array in a Mott insulator state.

Findings

Strong reduction of light scattering observed in 3D atomic array.

Residual scattering caused by atomic delocalization, Raman, and inelastic processes.

Light scattering used to probe density fluctuations and phase transitions.

Abstract

Understanding how atoms collectively interact with light is not only important for fundamental science, but also crucial for designing light-matter interfaces in quantum technologies. Over the past decades, numerous studies have focused on arranging atoms in ordered arrays and using constructive (destructive) interference to enhance (suppress) the coupling to electromagnetic fields, thereby tailoring collective light-matter interactions. These studies have mainly focused on one- and two-dimensional arrays. However, only three-dimensional (3D) arrays can demonstrate destructive interference of coherent light scattering in all directions. This omnidirectional suppression of coherent light scattering in 3D atomic arrays has thus far not been experimentally demonstrated. Here, we observe a strong reduction of light scattering in a 3D atomic array prepared in the form of a Mott insulator in optical lattices. The residual light scattering is shown to be caused by the delocalization of atoms, Raman scattering, and inelastic scattering associated with saturation. We also demonstrate how light scattering can be a sensitive probe for density fluctuations in many-body states in optical lattices, enabling us to characterize the superfluid-to-Mott insulator phase transition as well as defects generated by dynamical parameter ramps. The results of our work can be used to prepare subradiant states for photon storage and probe correlations for many-body systems in optical lattices.