Parity Cross-Resonance: A Multiqubit Gate

TL;DR

This paper introduces a native three-qubit entangling gate, based on engineered interactions, that simplifies multiqubit operations and enhances performance in quantum computing tasks like state preparation and error correction.

Contribution

It presents a novel hybrid optimization method to realize a robust, native three-qubit cross-resonance gate, enabling more efficient quantum circuits compared to traditional decompositions.

Findings

Successfully implements a three-qubit entangling gate in superconducting qubits.

Demonstrates improved fidelity and speed in quantum error correction protocols.

Maintains performance across different excitation levels and Hilbert space sizes.

Abstract

We present a native three-qubit entangling gate that exploits engineered interactions to realize control-control-target and control-target-target operations in a single coherent step. Unlike conventional decompositions into multiple two-qubit gates, our hybrid optimization approach selectively amplifies desired interactions while suppressing unwanted couplings, yielding robust performance across the computational subspace and beyond. The new gate can be classified as a cross-resonance gate. We show it can be utilized in several ways, for example, in GHZ triplet state preparation, Toffoli-class logic demonstrations with many-body interactions, and in implementing a controlled-ZZ gate. The latter maps the parity of two data qubits directly onto a measurement qubit, enabling faster and higher-fidelity stabilizer measurements in surface-code quantum error correction. In all these examples, we show that the three-qubit gate performance remains robust across Hilbert space sizes, as confirmed by testing under increasing total excitation numbers. This work lays the foundation for co-designing circuit architectures and control protocols that leverage native multiqubit interactions as core elements of next-generation superconducting quantum processors.