Time-dependent deflection reconstruction: new technique to search for gravitational waves with the cosmic microwave background

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new time-dependent quadratic estimator for detecting gravitational waves via their induced deflections in the cosmic microwave background, significantly enhancing sensitivity over static methods.

Contribution

The authors develop a novel time-dependent lensing reconstruction technique that improves gravitational wave detection sensitivity using CMB data without altering existing survey setups.

Findings

Time-dependent deflection reconstruction is vastly more sensitive than static estimators.

The method is compatible with current and future CMB surveys.

Sensitivity covers a broad frequency range, extending beyond pulsar timing arrays.

Abstract

Gravitational waves (GWs) passing through the Earth cause a correlated pattern of time-dependent deflections of the apparent position of astronomical sources. We build upon standard lensing reconstruction techniques to develop a new time-dependent quadratic estimator, providing a novel technique to search for the deflections produced by GWs using observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We find that the time-dependent deflection reconstruction is many orders of magnitude more sensitive than the ordinary static lensing estimator, and it can be employed with the data collected by existing and future CMB surveys, without requiring any modification to the experimental or survey design. We demonstrate that CMB surveys offer sensitivity to GWs across a broad frequency range: while the sensitivity will not be competitive over the frequency range covered by pulsar timing arrays, it does extend coverage to both lower and higher frequencies. Finally, we discuss how our methods can be extended to search for other time-varying signals, and also how it can be applied to surveys at other wavelengths.