Starobinsky in Stereo: SKA-CMB Synergy in SBI

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that future SKA 21 cm observations, especially when combined with CMB data, can provide powerful tests of inflationary models like Starobinsky inflation, surpassing current constraints.

Contribution

It introduces a simulation-based inference framework using neural summaries to jointly analyze 21 cm and CMB data for inflationary constraints.

Findings

SKA alone can achieve constraints comparable to Planck.

Combined SKA + CMB data significantly tighten inflationary and cosmological parameter bounds.

The approach improves precision on key astrophysical quantities.

Abstract

Modern machine learning techniques can unlock the vast cosmological information encoded in forthcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA) observations. We show that tomographic 21 cm data from the reionisation era can yield stringent tests of inflationary models - here illustrated with Starobinsky $R+R^2$ inflation. Using a simulation-based inference (SBI) framework, we compare neural summaries (convolutional network and vision transformer) with a traditional power spectrum summary and perform a fully joint SBI analysis combining 21 cm data with data of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Forecasts based on realistic mock observations indicate that SKA alone will achieve constraints competitive with Planck, and that the combined SKA + CMB dataset will tighten bounds on both inflationary and $\Lambda\mathrm{CDM}$ parameters considerably while improving precision on key astrophysical quantities.