Thermodynamics of fermionic excitations in heavy-quark QCD

TL;DR

This paper analytically studies the thermodynamic behavior of fermionic excitations in heavy-quark QCD using lattice simulations and the hopping parameter expansion, revealing phase-dependent excitation properties.

Contribution

It provides an analytical calculation of the grand potential and quark susceptibilities in heavy-quark QCD, including excitation energies in different phases, using the hopping parameter expansion.

Findings

The susceptibility ratio is unity in the deconfined phase and nine in the confined phase at leading order.

An explicit formula for quark excitation energy in the deconfined phase is derived.

Baryonic excitations in the confined phase are characterized by flavor multiplets.

Abstract

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of fermionic excitations in heavy-quark QCD on the lattice with Wilson fermions. The grand potential is calculated analytically in the hopping parameter expansion (HPE) on the basis of the cumulant expansion. Using the grand potential, we compute the quark number susceptibilities and their ratios up to next-to-leading order in the HPE. The ratio of fourth- to second-order susceptibilities is shown to be unity (nine) in the deconfined (confined) phase at the leading order. Excitation properties of baryonic and quark modes in each phase are also investigated utilizing the Boltzmann statistics. We obtain an analytic formula for the quark excitation energy in the deconfined phase, while that for baryonic excitations in the confined phase is decomposed into flavor multiplets.