Periodically Poled Piezoelectric Lithium Niobate Resonator for Piezoelectric Power Conversion

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel periodically poled lithium niobate resonator operating at 19.23 MHz with high efficiency and power handling, advancing piezoelectric power conversion technology.

Contribution

It presents the first P3F thickness-extensional LN resonator for power conversion, demonstrating high $k^2$, high Q, and high-frequency operation, surpassing previous single-layer designs.

Findings

Achieved a $k^2$ of 29% and Q of 3187 at 19.23 MHz

Demonstrated high-power nonlinear behavior and power handling

Set a new $f_s imes Q$ product record among piezoelectric resonators

Abstract

As the demand for compact and efficient power conversion systems increases, piezoelectric power converters have gained attention for their ability to replace bulky magnetic inductors with acoustic resonators, enabling higher power density and improved efficiency. Achieving optimal converter performance requires resonators with high quality factor ($Q$), strong electromechanical coupling ($k^2$), high power handling capability, and a spurious-free response. Lithium niobate (LN) has emerged as a promising material in this context due to its high figure of merit (FoM = $Q \cdot k^2$). While previous studies on single-layer LN resonators have demonstrated high FoM values, they typically operate at relatively low resonance frequencies ($f_s$). Recently, periodically poled piezoelectric film (P3F) structures, formed by stacking piezoelectric layers with alternating crystal orientations, have shown the potential to both scale up the operating frequency and enhance the FoM compared to single-layer counterparts in piezoelectric power conversion. This work presents the first P3F thickness-extensional (TE) LN resonator for power conversion, operating at 19.23 MHz, with a large \textit{$k^2$} of 29\% and a high \textit{Q} of 3187, achieving a state-of-the-art (\textit{ $f_s \cdot Q$}) product among piezoelectric power resonators. A high-power testing procedure is performed to systematically study the nonlinear behavior and power handling of P3F LN for power applications. With further optimization, P3F TE resonators have the potential to open up a new design space for high-power and high-frequency power conversion.