Effects of CPT violation on the neutrino charge radius in the Standard Model Extension

TL;DR

This paper investigates how CPT violation within the Standard Model Extension affects the neutrino charge radius, revealing a small correction and novel form factors, with implications for electromagnetic properties of neutrinos.

Contribution

It introduces a new analysis of CPT-odd effects on neutrino electromagnetic form factors, including the charge radius, within the Standard Model Extension framework.

Findings

CPT violation induces a correction to the neutrino charge radius.

Two new gauge-invariant form factors appear due to CPT violation.

The correction to the charge radius is very small, less than 0.83 x 10^{-51} cm^2.

Abstract

CPT-odd effects on the neutrino charge radius are studied within the Standard Model Extension. We consider CPT violation from the electroweak Yang-Mills sector, characterized by Lorentz-violating coefficients $(k_1)_\mu$ and $(k_2)_\mu$, which have positive mass units. The $\bar{\nu}\nu \gamma$ vertex arises at tree level via exchange of two $Z$ bosons. Although suppressed by $\frac{1}{m_Z^4}$, this process is notable. The vertex function $\Gamma_\mu$ includes three independent gauge structures satisfying the Ward identity $q^\mu \Gamma_\mu = 0$, characteristic of neutral particles, and induces gauge-independent electromagnetic form factors. Besides charge and anapole, two novel form factors appear. The charge form factor $f_Q(q^2)$ contains an energy-dependent term causing $f_Q(0)\neq 0$, so electromagnetic properties are undefined for real photons with CPT violation. Instead, $f_Q$ and the charge radius are defined in the static limit: $q^0=0$ and $\mathbf{q}\to 0$. Here, $f_Q(0, \mathbf{0})=0$ and a correction to the SM neutrino charge radius is found: \[ \langle r^2_\nu \rangle_{CPTV} = \frac{3c_{2W}}{2c_W^4} \left[\frac{k_2^2}{m_Z^2} + \frac{\mathbf{k}_2^2}{m_Z^2}\cos^2\theta_\gamma \right] \frac{1}{m_Z^2}, \] with $\theta_\gamma$ the angle between $\mathbf{q}$ and $\mathbf{k}_2$. Using recent bounds on $(k_i)_\mu$ and reasonable assumptions, we obtain a small correction $\langle r^2_\nu \rangle_{CPTV} \leq 0.83 \times 10^{-51}\ \mathrm{cm}^2$.