Presenting DiaData for Research on Type 1 Diabetes

TL;DR

This paper introduces DiaData, a large integrated dataset of 2510 T1D patients with extensive glucose and heart rate data, to facilitate research and machine learning models for hypoglycemia prediction.

Contribution

It systematically combines 15 datasets into a comprehensive database, assesses data quality, and explores correlations between glucose and heart rate data for hypoglycemia prediction.

Findings

The dataset contains 149 million measurements, with 4% in hypoglycemic range.

Data imbalance and missing values are significant challenges.

A correlation between heart rate and glucose levels is observed 15-55 minutes before hypoglycemia.

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder that leads to the destruction of insulin-producing cells, resulting in insulin deficiency, as to why the affected individuals depend on external insulin injections. However, insulin can decrease blood glucose levels and can cause hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is a severe event of low blood glucose levels ($\le$70 mg/dL) with dangerous side effects of dizziness, coma, or death. Data analysis can significantly enhance diabetes care by identifying personal patterns and trends leading to adverse events. Especially, machine learning (ML) models can predict glucose levels and provide early alarms. However, diabetes and hypoglycemia research is limited by the unavailability of large datasets. Thus, this work systematically integrates 15 datasets to provide a large database of 2510 subjects with glucose measurements recorded every 5 minutes. In total, 149 million measurements are included, of which 4% represent values in the hypoglycemic range. Moreover, two sub-databases are extracted. Sub-database I includes demographics, and sub-database II includes heart rate data. The integrated dataset provides an equal distribution of sex and different age levels. As a further contribution, data quality is assessed, revealing that data imbalance and missing values present a significant challenge. Moreover, a correlation study on glucose levels and heart rate data is conducted, showing a relation between 15 and 55 minutes before hypoglycemia.