Luminaries in the Sky: The TESS Legacy Sample of Bright Stars. I. Asteroseismic detections in naked-eye main-sequence and sub-giant solar-like oscillators

TL;DR

This study detects solar-like oscillations in 196 bright stars observed by TESS, significantly expanding the sample of known oscillators and providing precise asteroseismic parameters for stellar characterization and future research.

Contribution

It presents the first large-scale detection of solar-like oscillations in bright naked-eye stars using TESS data, including 128 new detections, and demonstrates the effectiveness of 20-s cadence observations for asteroseismology.

Findings

Detected oscillations in 196 stars, including 128 new cases.

Confirmed 20-s cadence data reduces high-frequency noise.

Established bright stars as benchmarks for stellar and exoplanet studies.

Abstract

We aim to detect and characterise solar-like oscillations in bright naked-eye (V<6) main-sequence (MS) and subgiant stars observed by TESS. We seek to expand the current benchmark sample of oscillators, provide accurate global asteroseismic parameters for these bright targets, and assess their potential for future detailed investigations -- including missions such as the HWO and PLATO. Our sample of bright stars was selected from the Hipparcos/Tycho catalogues. We analysed TESS 120-s and 20-s cadence photometry using SPOC light curves and custom apertures from target pixel files. After applying a filtering of the light curves, we extracted global asteroseismic parameters ($\nu_{\rm max}$ and $\Delta\nu$) using the pySYD pipeline. Results were cross-validated with independent pipelines and compared to predictions from the ATL, while noise properties were evaluated to quantify improvements from a 20-s observing cadence. We detect solar-like oscillations in a total of 196 stars -- including 128 new detections -- with extracted $\nu_{\rm max}$ and $\Delta\nu$ values showing strong conformity to expected scaling relations. This corresponds to an increase by more than an order of magnitude in the number of MS stars with detection of solar-like oscillations from TESS. Nearly 40% of our new detections are prime HWO targets, enabling systematic asteroseismic age determinations relevant for interpreting atmospheric biosignatures. Our analysis confirms that 20-s cadence data yields lower high-frequency noise levels compared to 120-s data. Moreover, the precise stellar parameters obtained through asteroseismology establish these bright stars as benchmarks for seismic investigations and provide useful constraints for refining stellar evolution models and for complementary analyses in interferometry, spectroscopy, and exoplanet characterisation.