Yang-Mills Flux Tube in AdS

TL;DR

This paper explores flux tubes in confining gauge theories within an AdS background, connecting gauge and string degrees of freedom, and tests the theory through perturbative calculations in 3D Yang-Mills.

Contribution

It introduces a framework for studying flux tubes in AdS, linking boundary gauge fields to string worldsheet modes, and proposes a smooth matching of perturbative expansions at different radii.

Findings

Calculated leading order corrections to defect operator dimensions.

Established a relationship between gauge fields and worldsheet modes.

Proposed a hypothesis for matching perturbative expansions.

Abstract

We initiate the study of flux tubes in confining gauge theories placed in a rigid AdS background, which serves as an infrared regulator. Varying the AdS radius from large to small allows us to interpolate between the flat space confining string, and a weakly coupled string-like object which is held together by the AdS gravitational potential. At any radius, the string preserves a subgroup of AdS isometries equivalent to the one-dimensional conformal group and hence, from the boundary point of view, can be thought of as a conformal defect. The defect hosts a protected operator, called displacement, which nonlinearly realizes the broken AdS isometries. At small radius the displacement corresponds to the gauge field strength inserted at the boundary, while at large radius it is mapped to the Goldstone mode living on the string worldsheet. This relates gauge field and worldsheet degrees of freedom. We propose a hypothesis according to which the large and small radius perturbative expansions can be smoothly matched with each other. As a test, we calculate the leading order corrections to the scaling dimensions and OPE coefficients of a set of defect operators at weak coupling in planar 3D Yang-Mills.