The excited state of the $\alpha$-particle: a benchmark study

TL;DR

This study investigates the excited state of helium-4, tracking its transition from bound to resonant state as Coulomb interaction is introduced, revealing discrepancies with experimental analyses and connections to Efimov physics.

Contribution

It provides a detailed numerical analysis of the excited state of helium-4, highlighting the impact of Coulomb interaction and challenging existing experimental interpretations.

Findings

The excited state becomes a resonance when Coulomb is included.

Significant discrepancy with R-matrix analysis of experimental data.

Evidence of Efimov physics in the helium-4 spectrum without Coulomb.

Abstract

A benchmark study is performed for the excited state of $^4$He. When the Coulomb interaction is switched off, the $^4$He nucleus exhibits a bound excited state in the vicinity of $p-{}^3$H threshold. As the Coulomb interaction is gradually introduced, the excited state crosses the threshold and eventually becomes a resonant state. Using three numerical methods, we track the evolution of this excited state and determine the resonance energy and width. Comparisons of the theoretical predictions reveal a significant discrepancy with commonly used $R$-matrix values based on the analysis of the experimental data. We explain the origin for this discrepancy. Additionally, the two-level energy spectrum of $^4$He in the absence of the Coulomb force exhibits characteristics linked to Efimov physics, suggesting a reduced sensitivity to interaction details.