Neutrino and Electromagnetic Signals from Tidal Disruption Events: Bridging the Theory with Observations

TL;DR

This paper analyzes neutrino and electromagnetic emissions from tidal disruption events (TDEs), using models and observational data to constrain cosmic ray acceleration and neutrino production, with implications for future multi-messenger astronomy.

Contribution

It combines isotropic wind and relativistic jet models with observational constraints to improve understanding of neutrino and electromagnetic signals from TDEs.

Findings

Fermi LAT gamma-ray upper limits constrain radiation zone size and cosmic ray energies.

Neutrino detection rate from TDEs estimated to be less than 0.1 per event.

Structured jet models help explain multi-wavelength observations of jetted TDEs.

Abstract

This proceeding presents recent results from a joint analysis of time-dependent neutrino and electromagnetic emissions from tidal disruption events (TDEs), using both isotropic wind models and relativistic jets. We discuss constraints from Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) $\gamma$-ray upper limits on the size of the radiation zone and the maximum energies of accelerated cosmic rays, as well as the resulting neutrino productions from TDEs and candidates, including AT 2019dsg, AT 2019fdr, AT 2019aalc, and AT 2021lwx. The Fermi upper limits correspond to a generic neutrino detection rate of $\lesssim0.01-0.1$ per TDE. Additionally, we explore multi-wavelength modeling of jetted TDEs with luminous X-ray afterglows, another TDE subclass, by incorporating the dynamics of structured jets with time-dependent energy injection. We also examine the connection between neutrinos and their multi-wavelength counterparts, highlighting implications for future multi-messenger discoveries with IceCube, IceCube-Gen2, KM3NeT, and Fermi-LAT.