Acoustic source depth estimation method based on a single hydrophone in Arctic underwater

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel method for estimating the depth of acoustic sources in Arctic underwater environments using a single hydrophone, leveraging normal mode and ray theory, with validation through experimental data.

Contribution

It proposes new depth estimation techniques based on modal frequency limits and ray arrival times, tailored for Arctic underwater conditions.

Findings

Methods effectively estimate source depth in Arctic waters.

Modal frequency and ray arrival time matching improve accuracy.

Experimental results validate the proposed approaches.

Abstract

Based on the normal mode and ray theory, this article discusses the characteristics of surface sound source and reception at the surface layer, and explores depth estimation methods based on normal modes and rays, and proposes a depth estimation method based on the upper limit of modal frequency. Data verification is conducted to discuss the applicability and limitations of different methods. For the surface refracted normal mode waveguide, modes can be separated through warping transformation. Based on the characteristics of normal mode amplitude variation with frequency and number, the sound source depth can be estimated by matching amplitude information. Based on the spatial variation characteristics of eigenfunctions with frequency, a sound source depth estimation method matching the cutoff frequency of normal modes is proposed. For the deep Arctic sea, the sound ray arrival structure at the receiving end is obtained through the analysis of deep inversion sound ray trajectories, and the sound source depth can be estimated by matching the time difference of ray arrivals. Experimental data is used to verify the sound field patterns and the effectiveness of the sound source depth estimation method.