Viewpoint-Tolerant Depth Perception for Shared Extended Space Experience on Wall-Sized Display

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method for shared depth perception on wall-sized displays that does not require individual tracking, enabling immersive multi-user experiences by leveraging human cognitive compensation in 3D rendered images.

Contribution

It demonstrates how to achieve viewpoint-tolerant depth perception on large displays without tracking, based on understanding human cognitive responses to virtual depth and viewing distance.

Findings

Participants perceived depth effectively from off-center angles of 23 to 37 degrees.

Increasing virtual depth reduces perceived depth and presence.

Balancing virtual depth and viewing distance enhances shared immersive experiences.

Abstract

We proposed viewpoint-tolerant shared depth perception without individual tracking by leveraging human cognitive compensation in universally 3D rendered images on a wall-sized display. While traditional 3D perception-enabled display systems have primarily focused on single-user scenarios-adapting rendering based on head and eye tracking the use of wall-sized displays to extend spatial experiences and support perceptually coherent multi-user interactions remains underexplored. We investigated the effects of virtual depths (dv) and absolute viewing distance (da) on human cognitive compensation factors (perceived distance difference, viewing angle threshold, and perceived presence) to construct the wall display-based eXtended Reality (XR) space. Results show that participants experienced a compelling depth perception even from off-center angles of 23 to 37 degrees, and largely increasing virtual depth worsens depth perception and presence factors, highlighting the importance of balancing extended depth of virtual space and viewing distance from the wall-sized display. Drawing on these findings, wall-sized displays in venues such as museums, galleries, and classrooms can evolve beyond 2D information sharing to offer immersive, spatially extended group experiences without individualized tracking or wearables.