Experimental plasmonic sensing of malaria using an aluminum metasurface

TL;DR

This paper presents an aluminum metasurface-based plasmonic biosensor for detecting malaria biomarkers with high sensitivity, offering a potentially cost-effective and efficient diagnostic tool for malaria detection.

Contribution

The work introduces a novel aluminum metasurface biosensor utilizing SPR and extraordinary optical transmission for label-free malaria biomarker detection.

Findings

Spectral sensitivity of 360 nm/RIU

Limit of detection of 1.3 nM pfLDH

Operates in the visible spectral region

Abstract

A wide range of methods currently exist for testing the presence of malaria, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. New technologies are urgently needed to develop more effective diagnosis tools to fight and eradicate malaria. Optical biosensors that employ surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques are a promising category of devices for detecting malaria biomarkers. One such biomarker is plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), a protein produced during the life cycle of the malaria parasite, which is a metabolic enzyme found in all plasmodium species, including the most widespread falciparum. This work reports on the design, probing, and experimental performance of an optical biosensor for detecting pLDH based on SPR and extraordinary optical transmission. The biosensor is composed of an aluminum metasurface made from an array of nanoholes. The sensor operates in the visible spectral region and achieves label-free sensing of plasmodium falciparum LDH (pfLDH) spiked in phosphate-buffered saline. The sensor has a spectral sensitivity of 360 nm/RIU and an LOD of 1.3 nM, equivalent to 45.6 ng/mL of pfLDH. This type of optical biosensor may offer a cost-effective and high sensitivity method for active infection diagnosis.