Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off a tensor-polarized spin-1 target

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive theoretical framework for semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off tensor-polarized spin-1 targets, deriving 21 structure functions within TMD factorization to probe the internal structure of such particles.

Contribution

It introduces a complete set of structure functions for this process and derives their expressions at twist-3 within the TMD framework, advancing understanding of spin-1 particle structure.

Findings

Derived 21 nonvanishing structure functions at leading and subleading twist.

Expressed structure functions as convolutions of TMD PDFs and FFs.

Provided a theoretical basis for future experimental exploration of tensor polarization.

Abstract

We investigate the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off a tensor-polarized spin-1 target, focusing on the production of an unpolarized hadron. The complete differential cross section is expressed in terms of 23 structure functions, which depend on the spin states of the target and the azimuthal modulations of the final-state hadron. Within the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization framework, we derive the hadronic tensor using quark-quark correlators and quark-gluon-quark correlators up to twist-3. At tree-level, 21 nonvanishing structure functions are obtained at the leading and subleading twist, expressed as convolutions of TMD parton distribution functions and TMD fragmentation functions. The measurement of these nonzero structure functions can be utilized to explore the tensor-polarized structure of spin-1 particles, offering insights into their internal dynamics.