Geometric encoding of turbulence for end-to-end quantum simulation

TL;DR

This paper introduces 'turbuloscope', a quantum encoding method that efficiently generates turbulent flow fields by leveraging multiscale structures, enabling high-Reynolds-number simulations with minimal qubits and exponential speedup.

Contribution

The authors develop a physics-informed, geometric quantum encoding technique that overcomes data loading bottlenecks, scales logarithmically with Reynolds number, and reproduces realistic turbulence features.

Findings

Generated turbulent fields at Re=35,000 using only 30 qubits.

Reproduced Kolmogorov's 5/3 energy spectrum and vortex structures.

Achieved exponential speedup over classical methods.

Abstract

Multiscale organization is a hallmark of fluid turbulence in aerospace, energy, and transport systems. While quantum computing promises exponential speedups for solving the evolution equations governing flow fields, this potential is fundamentally hindered by the quantum state preparation bottleneck, the prohibitive cost of loading classical complex data into quantum states. Here, we overcome this barrier by introducing a physics-informed, three-stage geometric encoding method "turbuloscope", which efficiently generates turbulent fields relevant to high-Reynolds-number engineering flows. Rather than brute-force data loading, our approach acts as a kaleidoscope, leveraging the multiscale structures of turbulence. We capture scale-invariant self-similarity via a hyperplane approximation in high-dimensional feature space, and utilize the Hopf fibration to map quantum observables directly onto vortex tubes, the fundamental building blocks of turbulence that control mixing, drag, and heat transfer in mechanical systems. Remarkably, the algorithm requires no ancillary qubits, utilizes a linear-depth quantum circuit, and scales logarithmically with the Reynolds number, an exponential speedup compared to classical methods. We demonstrate the power of this method by generating an instantaneous turbulent field at a high Reynolds number of 35,000 across over one billion grid points using only 30 qubits, reproducing Kolmogorov's 5/3 energy spectrum, tangled vortex structures, and strong intermittency. This asymptotically optimal approach not only signals a near-term pathway to practical quantum advantage in engineering simulation, but establishes a scalable foundation for the quantum simulation of broad multiscale systems.