Decision-Making with Deliberation: Meta-reviewing as a Document-grounded Dialogue

TL;DR

This paper develops dialogue agents to assist meta-reviewers in peer review, addressing data scarcity with synthetic data generation, and demonstrates their effectiveness in real-world scenarios.

Contribution

It introduces a self-refinement strategy using LLMs to generate high-quality synthetic data for training meta-reviewing dialogue agents, improving upon existing off-the-shelf assistants.

Findings

Synthetic data improves dialogue agent quality

Trained agents outperform baseline assistants

Agents enhance meta-reviewing efficiency

Abstract

Meta-reviewing is a pivotal stage in the peer-review process, serving as the final step in determining whether a paper is recommended for acceptance. Prior research on meta-reviewing has treated this as a summarization problem over review reports. However, complementary to this perspective, meta-reviewing is a decision-making process that requires weighing reviewer arguments and placing them within a broader context. Prior research has demonstrated that decision-makers can be effectively assisted in such scenarios via dialogue agents. In line with this framing, we explore the practical challenges for realizing dialog agents that can effectively assist meta-reviewers. Concretely, we first address the issue of data scarcity for training dialogue agents by generating synthetic data using Large Language Models (LLMs) based on a self-refinement strategy to improve the relevance of these dialogues to expert domains. Our experiments demonstrate that this method produces higher-quality synthetic data and can serve as a valuable resource towards training meta-reviewing assistants. Subsequently, we utilize this data to train dialogue agents tailored for meta-reviewing and find that these agents outperform \emph{off-the-shelf} LLM-based assistants for this task. Finally, we apply our agents in real-world meta-reviewing scenarios and confirm their effectiveness in enhancing the efficiency of meta-reviewing.\footnote{Code available at: https://github.com/UKPLab/eacl2026-meta-review-as-dialog