Experimental demonstration of corrugated nanolaminate films as reflective light sails

TL;DR

This paper reports the experimental creation of corrugated nanolaminate films that serve as highly reflective, lightweight light sails capable of reaching relativistic speeds, advancing the feasibility of interstellar propulsion.

Contribution

It introduces a novel class of optically-optimized nanolaminate light sails with hexagonal microstructures, fabricated with scalable techniques, demonstrating superior optical and mechanical properties.

Findings

Achieved reflectivities over 50% at relevant wavelengths.

Fabricated sails with ultra-low areal density (<1 g/m^2).

Potential to reach higher velocities than existing designs.

Abstract

Achieving laser-driven, reflective, relativistic light sails would represent a tremendous breakthrough for humankind, allowing us to advance our understanding of the solar system and deep space far beyond what we know from space probes, telescopes, and objects passing near Earth. Numerous sail film designs have been proposed, but none have been demonstrated that satisfy all of the stringent optical, mechanical, and mass budget constraints. Here we overcome this challenge by experimentally demonstrating a novel class of optically-optimized nanolaminate sails with strong and flexible hexagonally-corrugated microstructures. Our prototypes, fabricated from alumina and molybdenum disulfide using scalable semiconductor processing techniques, feature ultra-low areal densities of <1 g/m^2 and achieve experimentally-measured reflectivities of >50% and absorptivities of <4% within the Doppler-shifted laser wavelength range corresponding to accelerating to a fifth the speed of light. Moreover, we analyze reflectivity, strength, and mass constraints to show that our sails have the potential to achieve greater maximum velocities than other sail designs in the literature. Broadly, our films mark a significant leap forward toward plausible relativistic interstellar propulsion for intragalactic exploration