Quark confinement in presence of both chromoelectric and chromomagnetic fields and the structure of spacetime

TL;DR

This paper explores how quark confinement can be understood as a geometric property of spacetime influenced by non-abelian gauge fields, successfully reproducing hadron masses and revealing a connection between spacetime structure and strong interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel model linking spacetime geometry with non-abelian gauge fields to explain quark confinement without a traditional potential, matching experimental hadron masses.

Findings

Quark confinement corresponds to the Schwarzschild radius of the strong interaction.

Wave functions of quarks and gluons show a discontinuity at the Schwarzschild surface.

The model accurately reproduces hadron mass spectra.

Abstract

The strong interaction between quarks inside hadrons in curved spacetime is investigated in the presence of a new non-abelian gauge potential based on the $SU(3)$ group. This potential presented both chromo-electric and chromo-magnetic fields, including a magnetic monopole-like term, together with a radial non-Abelian Coulomb-like component. A spacetime metric induced by the presence of a Yang-Mills field is derived by solving Einstein's equations in the specific limit where the $SU(3)$ gauge symmetry is reduced to an embedded $SU(2)$ subgroup, accompanied by a dynamical $U(1)$ monopole sector. It is explicitly shown that the Schwarzschild radius of the strong interaction between quarks within hadrons corresponds approximately to the size of these latter and that the corresponding, for both quarks and gluons, wave function presents a discontinuity at Schwarzschild surface. The obtained results allow us to interpret the confinement of quarks as a geometric property of spacetime, emerging naturally from its structure without introducing any confinement potential. Moreover, the energy spectra of quarks in presence of chromo-electric and chromo-magnetic fields reproduce the mass of hadrons with a very good accuracy compared to the experimental data, and the presence of the residual non-abelian term correction enhance our numerical results.