Engineering subgap states in superconductors by the symmetry of altermagnetism

TL;DR

This paper explores how the symmetry properties of altermagnetism can be used to engineer and control subgap states in superconductors, revealing new states like zero-energy flat bands and their potential for device applications.

Contribution

It demonstrates the emergence and control of diverse subgap states through symmetry alignment between altermagnetic fields and unconventional superconductivity.

Findings

Bulk zero-energy flat bands appear as Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces when symmetries align.

Surface Andreev states are strongly affected by the symmetry and strength of d-wave altermagnets.

Distinct subgap states, including curved and flat bands, can be detected via tunneling spectroscopy.

Abstract

Combining superconducting and magnetic materials is a promising path to generate exotic interface subgap states. In this regard, altermagnetism is particularly interesting because it lifts spin degeneracy while providing tailored anisotropy of spin splittings. Here, we investigate the realization and control of subgap states by using the symmetry contrast between altermagnetic fields and unconventional pairings. When the symmetries of altermagnetism and unconventional superconductivity align, we demonstrate the emergence of bulk zero-energy flat bands as the Bogoliubov Fermi surface, giving rise to a zero-bias conductance peak. The symmetry and strength of $d$-wave altermagnets strongly affect the surface Andreev states from $d$-wave and chiral $d$- and $p$-wave superconductors. As a result, distinct types of subgap states are realized, including curved and flat bands, that can be detected by tunneling spectroscopy. Our results offer a solid route for designing and manipulating subgap states in superconducting systems, which can be useful for functionalizing superconducting devices.