On the viability of minimal Ho\v{r}ava gravity

TL;DR

This paper investigates the viability of minimal Hořava gravity, revealing that additional restrictions are needed to avoid instabilities, and uncovers issues with the Cauchy problem in certain regimes through spherical collapse analysis.

Contribution

It introduces the further restriction to constant mean curvature slices in minimal Hořava gravity and analyzes the resulting theory's properties and limitations.

Findings

Elimination of unstable modes requires constant mean curvature slices.

The theory exhibits two regimes: time-independent and time-dependent mean curvature.

In the time-dependent regime, the theory shows infinite propagation speed and Cauchy problem failure.

Abstract

Ho\v{r}ava gravity is a Lorentz-violating modification of general relativity (GR) with a preferred spacelike foliation. Observational evidence has put strong constraints on the parameter values in this model, so that the remaining viable sector is well-characterized by the Newton constant and a single additional parameter. We analyze this restricted theory, which is called minimal Ho\v{r}ava gravity ($\mathrm{mHg}$), from the Hamiltonian point of view. We find that in order to eliminate a pathological mode that is unstable at high frequencies and strongly coupled at low frequencies the theory must be further restricted so that the slices of the preferred foliation each have constant mean curvature. We dub this theory "minimal minimal Ho\v{r}ava gravity" ($\mathrm{m^2Hg}$). It has two regimes; one in which the mean curvature is time independent, in which case it is equivalent to a particular foliation of GR with nonzero cosmological constant, and another in which the mean curvature is time dependent. In the latter there is an infinite propagation speed since the lapse evolves via an elliptic equation, and the theory thus differs from GR in a peculiar nonlocal fashion. To probe the viability of the sector with time dependent mean curvature, we study in detail the problem of spherical collapse of a thin dust shell. The solution is determined unambiguously from initial conditions until the slice on which the shell first contracts to a point. Afterwards, there is an instantaneously propagating spherical mode with undetermined evolution, demonstrating a failure of the Cauchy problem.