On the formation of multiple dust-trapping rings in the inner Solar system

TL;DR

This study uses advanced 3D simulations with radiative and magnetic effects to show that massive planets can create multiple dust-trapping rings in low-viscosity disks, helping preserve dust in the inner Solar System.

Contribution

It extends previous models by incorporating 3D radiative transfer and non-ideal MHD effects, demonstrating multiple gap formation by planets near pebble isolation mass.

Findings

Multiple gaps and rings form in low-viscosity disks with radiative effects.

Jupiter-mass planets can open multiple gaps in 3D MHD disks.

Dust reservoirs are preserved and pushed inward during Jupiter's growth.

Abstract

Isotopic properties of meteorites provide evidence that multiple dust trap or pressure bumps had to form and persist in the inner Solar System on a timescale of millions of years. The formation of a pressure bump at the outer edge of the gap opened by Jupiter blocks particles drifting from the outer to the inner disk. This is not enough to preserve dust in the inner disk. However, in low viscosity disks, under specific condition on the gas cooling time, massive planets can also open secondary gaps, separated by density bumps, inward of the main gap. The majority of studies have been done in two dimensional equatorial simulations with prescribed disk cooling. Recent results have shown that including the treatment of radiation transport is key to determine the formation of secondary gaps. We extend previous studies to three dimensional disks including radiative effects and we also consider non ideal MHD effects, in disks with prescribed cooling time. We perform three dimensional hydrodynamical numerical simulations with self consistent treatment of radiative effects and including the magnetic field with non ideal Ohmic and Ambipolar effects. We show that in a disk with low bulk viscosity and consistent treatment of radiative effects, planetary masses close to the pebble isolation mass as well as a Jupiter massive planet open multiple gaps. In the presence of non ideal MHD effects multiple gaps and rings are also formed by a Jupiter massive planet.In conclusion the formation of multiple gaps and rings inside the planetary orbit is crucial to preserve dust reservoirs. Such reservoirs are pushed towards the inner part of the disk during Jupiter runaway growth and are persistent after Jupiter's growth. Multiple dust reservoirs could therefore be present in the inner Solar System since the formation of Jupiter's solid core if the disk had low-viscosity.