Quantum Biosensors on Chip: A Review from Electronic and Photonic Integrated Circuits to Future Integrated Quantum Photonic Circuits

TL;DR

This review discusses the integration of quantum biosensors with electronic and photonic chip technologies, highlighting their potential for highly sensitive, miniaturized biosensing systems and outlining future development pathways.

Contribution

It is the first comprehensive review connecting quantum biosensing technologies with microelectronic and photonic integrated circuits for chip-scale applications.

Findings

Quantum biosensors enable detection at extremely low biochemical concentrations.

Integration with EICs, PICs, and IQP systems is promising for scalable biosensing.

The review identifies technological pathways for compact quantum biosensing devices.

Abstract

Quantum biosensors offer a promising route to overcome the sensitivity and specificity limitations of conventional biosensing technologies. Their ability to detect biochemical signals at extremely low concentrations makes them strong candidates for next-generation sensing systems. This paper reviews the current state of quantum biosensors and dis-cusses their future implementation in chip-scale platforms that combine microelectronic and photonic technologies. It covers key quantum biosensing approaches including quantum dots, and nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. This paper also considers their po-tential compatibility with electronic integrated circuits (EICs), photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and integrated quantum photonic (IQP) systems for future biosensing applications. To our knowledge, this is the first review to systematically connect quantum biosensing technologies with the development of microelectronic and photonic chip-based devices. The goal is to clarify the technological trajectory toward compact, scalable, and high-performance quantum biosensing systems.