Large-Area Photonic Membranes Achieving Uniform and Strong Enhancement of Photoluminescence and Second-Harmonic Generation in Monolayer WSe2

TL;DR

This paper introduces a large-area freestanding photonic membrane platform that significantly enhances photoluminescence and second harmonic generation in monolayer WSe2, enabling uniform, high-quality nonlinear optical responses for advanced photonic applications.

Contribution

The study demonstrates a scalable, wafer-scale photonic platform with high Q resonances that uniformly enhances nonlinear optical signals in 2D materials, advancing integrated photonics technology.

Findings

Achieved photoluminescence enhancement factor of 1158.

Realized second harmonic generation enhancement factor of 378.

Maintained spatial uniformity over a 450x450 μm² area.

Abstract

Two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit strong excitonic responses, direct bandgaps, and remarkable nonlinear optical properties, making them highly attractive for integrated photonic, optoelectronic, and quantum applications. Here, we present a large area freestanding membrane photonic platform that achieves exceptional enhancement of light matter interactions in monolayer WSe2 via quasi bound states in the continuum. The freestanding architecture effectively suppresses radiative losses and supports high Q optical resonances, leading to enhanced light matter interactions. This results in significant photoluminescence emission and second harmonic generation enhancement factors of 1158 and 378, respectively, with spatial uniformity sustained across a 450 times 450 um2 area. This uniform SHG enhancement further enables polarization resolved mapping of crystal orientation and grain boundaries, offering a practical method for large area structural characterization of 2D materials. Moreover, femtosecond pumped SHG spectra reveal multiple narrowband peaks originating from distinct quasi BIC modes providing direct spectral evidence of resonantly enhanced nonlinear coupling. The combined attributes of strong optical enhancement, spectral selectivity, and wafer scale compatibility establish this platform as a scalable interface for 2D semiconductor integration in next generation optoelectronic, nonlinear, and quantum photonic technologies.